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Several studies have reported that feeding γ-linolenic acid (GLA) has resulted in no increase in arachidonic acid (AA) in newborns. This result was ascribed to the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich fish oil used in these formulas. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) sources with only minor amounts of EPA are now available, thus the addition of GLA to infant formulas might be considered an alternative to AA...
Which cell type is responsible for the high levels of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in testis and whether this fatty acid pattern is a result of a local synthesis are not presently known. In this study, fatty acid conversion from 20∶4n−6 to 22∶5n−6 and from 20∶5n−3 to 22∶6n−3 was investigated in isolated rat germ cells incubated with [1-14C]-labeled fatty acids. The germ cells elongated...
Dietary restriction (DR) increases life span and decreases age-related diseases in experimental animals. It has received a great deal of attention in connection with the relationship between aging, nutrition, and oxidative stress because oxidative injury in several organ systems is a prominent feature in aging. We investigated the possibility that DR can protect vulnerable liver lipids against age-related...
We investigated the effect of a single oral administration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on energy metabolism in mice. Male Std ddY mice were orally administered CLA (5 mL/kg weight) or linoleic acid (5 mL/kg weight) (both solutions at concentrations of 73.5%) as a control. Oxygen consumption was significantly greater in the CLA-administered mice than in the control mice. Respiratory quotient...
The present study is focused on the role of oxidative stress in the induction of either necrosis or apoptosis by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the lymphoma cell lines Raji and Ramos, respectively. To investigate the different death modes induced by EPA, we assessed the importance of some antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in the two cell lines. We observed that different antioxidants counteracted...
The acute effects of addition of oleate on the rate of triacylglycerol (TAG) secretion by cultured rat hepatocytes were studied by monitoring the use of endogenous (14C-prelabeled) acyl moieties and exogenous (3H-labeled) oleate for the synthesis of secreted TAG simultaneously. Inclusion of exogenous oleate in the medium stimulated the secretion of the endogenous 14C-labeled acyl moieties by 55–100%...
The oxidation of linoleic acid by soybean lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) was inhibited in a time-dependent manner by 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal (HNE). Kinetic analysis indicated the effect was due to slow-binding inhibition conforming to an affinity labeling mechanism-based inhibition. After 25 min of preincubation of LOX-1 with and without HNE, Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plots indicated mixed noncompetitive/competitive...
Overexpression of acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) was induced in a rat hepatoma cell line (McA-RH 7777) by stable integration of rat ACBP cDNA. The transfected cells (ACBP-27) had 3.5-fold higher concentrations of ACBP than control cells (14 vs. 4 ng/μg DNA). Both ACBP-27 and control cells were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of radiolabeled palmitic acid; and the effects of ACBP...
The incidence of atherosclerosis is increased in growth hormone (GH) deficient-individuals. Nonetheless, the antiatherogenic benefits of GH replacement therapy remain uncertain. In this study the effect of human recombinant growth hormone (hrGH) replacement therapy administered to GH-deficient adults on the plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) concentration and activity was analyzed. These...
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term that describes different isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds. Although the main dietary isomer is 9cis,11trans-18∶2, which is present in dairy products and ruminant fat, the biological effects of CLA generally have been studied using mixtures in which the 9cis,11trans- and the 10trans,12cis-18∶2 were present at similar levels. In...
Some 1,2- and 1,3-diacyl glycerols (with acyl groups as stearyl, oleyl, linoleyl, or stearolyl) were synthesized by conventional methods. The diacyl glycerols were esterified with 6-bromo-hexanoic acid to give the corresponding bromotriacylglycerols (of the type AAB and ABA containing a bromo group at the distal part of the hexanoate chain). The bromo function was transformed to an azide group by...
A detailed analysis of the lipids of spider silk is given for the first time. Extracts of the silk from the golden orb weaver, Nephila clavipes, were studied by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and chemical derivatizations. The major group of the lipids consisted of methyl-branched 1-methoxyalkanes (methyl ethers) with up to four methyl groups in the chain (chain length between C28 and C34),...
Conifer (pine) seeds are a potential source of dietary oils, but their safety and nutritional properties are not well established. Conifer seed oils differ from common edible vegetable oils in having a series of unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a polymethylene-interrupted (PMI) double bond system and a double bond at the Δ5 position. A rat study was conducted to assess whether Δ5 PMI-PUFA...
Various vinyl sulfide and ketene dithioacetal derivatives of truncated 2,3-oxidosqualene were developed. These compounds, having the reactive functions at positions C-2, C-15 and C-19 of the squalene skeleton, were studied as inhibitors of pig liver and Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene cyclases (OSC) (EC 5.4.99.7) and of Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius squalene hopene cyclase (SHC) (EC 5.4.99...
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